Bad Breath (Halitosis): Why It Happens and How to Fix It

Struggling with bad breath? You’re not alone.

We all know that bad breath, or halitosis, can be downright embarrassing. That moment when people take a step back when you talk, or when you find yourself covering your mouth? We’ve all had bad breath at some point. 

Here’s the thing though, according to the International Association for Halitosis Research (IAFHR), nearly 8% of the global population suffers from halitosis — that’s millions of people, so breathe easy (pun intended). You’re not alone, and you don’t have to suffer in silence. 

Let’s dive into why bad breath happens and, more importantly, how you can kick it to the curb for good.

What’s Really Causing Your Bad Breath?

If bad breath is lingering despite your best efforts, there may be more to the story. Some causes go beyond what you eat and how well you brush — certain medical conditions can play a role. Let’s break it down.

Medical Causes

Sometimes, bad breath isn’t just about what’s happening in your mouth — it can be a sign of an underlying health issue. Here are some common medical reasons:

• Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Saliva naturally cleanses your mouth, washing away bacteria and food particles. When your mouth is dry due to dehydration, medication, or mouth breathing odours can build up.
• Gum Disease and Cavities: Bacteria settle in your gums or cavities and release some seriously unpleasant smells. If bad breath is hanging around, it might be time to make a dental appointment.
• Acid Reflux (GERD): Stomach acids that creep up your throat can leave behind an unpleasant taste and odour.
• Sinus and Throat Infections: Post nasal drip and infections in your nose or throat can contribute to bad breath.
• Underlying Health Issues: Conditions like diabetes, kidney disease, or liver problems can have very specific breath odors.

Everyday Habits

Even if there’s no medical reason behind your bad breath, daily habits could be making things worse. The foods you eat, how well you care for your teeth, and even how much water you drink all play a role. Here’s how everyday habits can contribute:

• Strong-Smelling Foods: Garlic, onions, and spicy dishes can linger in your system and affect your breath long after you’ve eaten.
• Poor Oral Hygiene: Skipping brushing and flossing allows food particles and bacteria to build up, leading to unpleasant odors.
• Smoking and Tobacco Use: Not only do they leave a strong smell, but they also dry out your mouth and contribute to gum disease.
• Dry Mouth from Dehydration: Not drinking enough water reduces saliva production, which helps wash away bacteria.
• Excess Coffee and Alcohol: Both can dry out your mouth and create an environment where odor-causing bacteria thrive. 

How to Treat Bad Breath and Keep it Fresh

Thankfully, bad breath isn’t a life sentence. With a few small changes, you’ll be feeling fresher and more confident in no time. Here are 6 easy habits to try:

1. Step up your oral hygiene routine

Brush at least twice a day, floss daily, and don’t forget to clean your tongue — where a lot of bacteria love to hide. This simple habit can work wonders for keeping your breath fresh.

2. Swap out your toothbrush regularly

Bacteria love old toothbrushes. Change yours every three months to make sure you’re not spreading germs and ensuring you’re cleaning your teeth properly.

3. Stay hydrated

Water is your friend. Sip throughout the day to keep your mouth moist and rinse away food particles and bacteria. This will help prevent bad breath and dry mouth.

4. Quit smoking

If you need another reason to stop, fresher breath is a great one! Smoking dries out your mouth and creates an environment for bacteria to thrive, leading to persistent bad breath.

5. Use antibacterial mouthwash

Skip the alcohol-based mouthwashes that dry out your mouth. Opt for a natural, antibacterial mouthwash that won’t leave you feeling like you just gargled with a desert.

6. Explore a diet change

Certain foods can actually help freshen your breath. Crunchy fruits and veggies like apples and carrots can clean your teeth and boost saliva production. Probiotics also work wonders for reducing bad breath. But maybe ease up on the coffee and onion-heavy meals — they have a way of hanging around longer than you’d like.

Natural Home Remedies to Combat Bad Breath

Want to get a little more DIY with it? These home remedies can help fight bad breath naturally, and they’re super easy to incorporate into your routine:

• Apple Cider Vinegar Rinse: Diluting apple cider vinegar with water and swishing it around your mouth can help balance the pH levels in your mouth, reduce bacteria, and neutralize bad odours.
• Warm Salt Water Rinse: Gargling with salt water can help kill bacteria and soothe inflammation, especially if you’re dealing with a sore throat or gum issues. Bonus: It’s cheap and effective!
• Essential Oil Rinses: A few drops of clove, peppermint, or cinnamon oil in water can act as a natural mouthwash, giving you both antibacterial power and a fresh burst of flavor.

When to See a Dentist or Doctor for Bad Breath

If you’ve tried everything and your bad breath still won’t go away, it’s time to call in the professionals. 

A dentist can check for underlying issues like gum disease, cavities, or chronic dry mouth. If your oral health is in check but the problem persists, a doctor can help identify any internal causes.

At Smile Place Dental, we get it — bad breath is frustrating. Our team is here to help you get to the root of the problem and find a solution that works for you. Don’t let bad breath hold you back — fresh, confident breath is just an appointment away.

FAQ

1. What is the difference between bad breath and halitosis?
   Bad breath is the general term for unpleasant odors in the mouth, while halitosis is the medical term for chronic bad breath. Halitosis typically persists even with regular oral hygiene. 
2. What causes chronic bad breath?
   Chronic bad breath can be caused by factors such as poor oral hygiene, gum disease, dry mouth, certain foods, or underlying medical conditions like acid reflux, diabetes, or sinus infections. 
3. How can I prevent bad breath?
   Good oral hygiene — brushing and flossing regularly, cleaning your tongue, and staying hydrated — can help prevent bad breath. Avoiding smoking, limiting strong-smelling foods, and regular dental check-ups are also key. 
4. Can bad breath be a sign of a serious health condition?
   Yes, chronic bad breath can sometimes indicate underlying health problems, such as gum disease, diabetes, or liver and kidney issues. If the bad breath persists, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional. 
5. Does eating certain foods make bad breath worse?
   Yes, foods like garlic, onions, and spicy dishes can cause bad breath. These foods contain sulfur compounds that linger in your system and are released when you breathe. 
6. Can mouthwash cure bad breath?
   Mouthwash can temporarily mask bad breath, but it doesn’t address the root cause. Using a mouthwash with antibacterial properties or opting for natural remedies like saltwater or essential oils can provide longer-lasting relief. 
7. Should I see a doctor or a dentist for bad breath, and when?
   If bad breath persists despite good oral hygiene, it’s a good idea to see your dentist first. They can check for issues like gum disease, cavities, or other dental problems. If your dentist rules out oral causes, they may refer you to a doctor to investigate potential underlying health conditions, such as acid reflux or diabetes.

Author Summary – Dr Chitra Rao

Dr. Chitra Rao has over a decade of experience in dentistry, specifically in the field of cosmetic and orthodontic treatments. Dedicated to achieving optimal results, she takes a detailed and personalised approach to creating beautiful, confident smiles for her patients. Outside of dentistry, Dr. Chitra enjoys staying active, traveling, and spending time with her family.